10-02: Silica Scale Inhibition - A Kinetic StudyThe formation of silica and silicate scales in the chemical process industries is a significant on going problem with large economic consequences. The fouling of surfaces can reduce heat transfer and cooling efficiencies. This may also affect reaction kinetics. The removal of such scales is often a complex mechanical or chemical process and the up front prevention of their formation is a much desired solution to the problem. In this presentation, we

Two non-traditional examples of water reuse are presented

The basis for these concerns relate to measurable amounts of copper that can be detected in cooling waters in contact with copper in the incoming water

But after some thought on the subject

to condense turbine exhaust steam from the steam cycle of combined cycle plants

The states have an op­

Cooling tower emission rates are usually presented as a Drift Fraction which is defined as the ration of the water exiting the tower as drift divided by the circulating water flow rate

The root cause analysis recommended immediate investigation into the mechanical integrity of all plant cooling tower fans and vibration detection equipment

There are several factors that need to be addressed prior to selecting the appropriate cooling tower fire wall for a facility with critical demands

There has been a shift in industrial economic philosophy to risk-based maintenance

chlorine dioxide) oxidative technologies

Portable remote monitoring systems have been developed and their use is discussed

Particular interests are the range of applicability